MAJOR STEPS

As was the case for all the great “firsts” in history, doubts and question marks have been accepted from the outset, and transformed into creativity and innovative solutions.

 

Bertrand Piccard’s vision, coupled with André Borschberg’s managerial experience and the skills of a multi-disciplinary team have enabled an idea to be transformed into reality that no aviation specialists, apart from Dassault, believed in: “Too big, too light and impossible to control in flight”, they all said.

Major Steps

1999    Solar Impulse descends directly from a long tradition of exploration, adventure and scientific development. By launching this challenge soon after landing from his round-the-world balloon flight, Bertrand Piccard is continuing his family’s adventure, following on from the exploration of the stratosphere and the ocean depths. For him, an adventure such as this must serve to motivate society to tackle today’s challenges by using clean technologies. The immediate resonance that the Solar Impulse message found in business and political circles seems to justify this vision.

 

Announcement of project launch
Computer generated image

2003   Bertrand presented the project to the Ecole Polytechnique de Lausanne (EPFL), which immediately agreed to launch a feasibility study. Leadership of the project was entrusted to André Borschberg, engineer and professional pilot. A friendship developed between the two men, who decided to work together.


Announcement of project launch on 28 November . That very evening, computer generated images of the solar airplane were shown repeatedly on CNN.

2004-2006      Signature of the first partnership agreements (Semper, Altran, Solvay) allowed engineers to be hired and concept development to start.

Unveiling HB-SIA
Signature of Partnership with Omega
Signature of Partnership with Deutsche Bank
Press Conference in Dübendorf
Unveiling
Unveiling

2007-2009      The team was assembled. New main sponsors (Omega and Deutsche Bank) allowed the design to be refined and manufacture of the prototype HB-SIA launched.

The aircraft was unveiled on 26 June 2009 in front of 800 guests.

First Test Flight
Solar Night Flight
Solar Night Flight
Solar Night Flight
Solar Night Flight
Flight to Zürich
Flight to Geneva

2010    Professional test pilot Markus Scherdel began the first test flights, to examine the airplane’s flight envelope and certify it for night flight. On 7 July, HB-SIA, with André Borschberg at the controls, made the first night flight in the history of solar aviation, lasting in total 26 hours, 10 minutes and 19 seconds.

During this flight 3 world records were established: maximum altitude (9’235 meters), maximum duration (26h10m19s) and gain in altitude (8’744 meters).

Bayer MaterialScience became an official partner.

In September, the aircraft flew across Switzerland, landing at the international airports of Geneva and Zurich.

Flight to Paris Le Bourget
Flight to Brussels
Display Flight in Paris Le Bourget
Schindler becoming the 4th Main Partner

2011    Schindler became the fourth Main Sponsor

Under the patronage of the European Communities, Solar Impulse HB-SIA flew to Brussels and then to Paris-Le Bourget, where it featured as “guest of honor”.

In parallel, the Design team is developing the blueprint of Solar Impulse’s future airplane, HB-SIB.

The Strait of Gibraltar from the cockpit
Successful landing in Ouarzazate
Crowd of Moroccans Journalists
Above the desert
Triumphal landing in Payerne

2012    Destination Morocco: Mission to fly across the Mediterranean upon invitation of King Mohammed VI to promote the construction of the world’s largest thermo-solar power plant in Ouarzazate. This journey took place in 7 legs: Payerne-Madrid-Rabat-Ouarzazate-Rabat-Madrid-Toulouse-Payerne. During the first leg, 2 new world records were established: free distance and distance with waypoints.

SwissRe becomes Solar Impulse’s official insurer.

2013    Manufacturing of Solar impulse HB-SIB.

Destination USA: USA mission flight with the objective to undertake a continental flight from West to East meant to demonstrate the practical use of new technologies and the true potential of these scientific and industrial developments. 

2014   Start of flight testing in HB-SIB, and training flights for Bertrand Piccard and André Borschberg.

2015    Attempt to fly round the world, with a landing in each northern hemisphere continent. The starting point will be selected from among several candidate cities.

Virtual reality training

Since spring 2005, virtual flights in real weather conditions have been carried out almost every year.

These virtual flights have served to evaluate the aircraft's ability to string together a sequence of day/night flights. To do this generally means following a tortuous flight path to avoid areas of cloud on track.

In 2008, Bertrand and André each spent 25 hours in the HB-SIA flight simulator.

In February 2012, André succeeded in staying in the HB-SIB simulator for 72 hours, under the supervision of a team of doctors and nutritionists.


“The pioneer is not always the one who succeeds, but rather the one who is not scared of failing.” Bertrand Piccard

Timeline

WHAT HAPPENED IN 2012?

2012: World’s first solar-powered intercontinental flight

A thrilling year for Solar Impulse starting with a simulation of a 72-hour flight and culminating in the decoration of André Borschberg and Bertrand Piccard by King Mohammed VI after completing world’s first fully solar-powered intercontinental flight. While HB-SIA, piloted alternately by André Borschberg and Bertrand ...

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A thrilling year for Solar Impulse starting with a simulation of a 72-hour flight and culminating in the decoration of André Borschberg and Bertrand Piccard by King Mohammed VI after completing world’s first fully solar-powered intercontinental flight. While HB-SIA, piloted alternately by André Borschberg and Bertrand Piccard, made its way this summer from Payerne (Switzerland) to Ouarzazate (Morocco) with intermediate stops in Madrid (Spain) and Rabat (Morocco), Solar Impulse’s team of engineers continued the construction of HB-SIB, Solar Impulse’s second generation aircraft.

February

  • February 24: Successful simulation of a 72-hour flight (3 days and 3 nights).

May

  • May 7: Bertrand Piccard’s last test flight before the 2012 Crossing Frontiers Mission flights.
  • May 11: Launching of Solar Impulse’s new website.
  • May 21: Structural testing of HB-SIB’s gondola in Dübendorf.
  • May 25: First leg of Solar Impulse’s first intercontinental flight begins. HB-SIA lands successfully in Madrid.

June

  • June 6: Solar Impulse completes its first intercontinental flight and lands in Rabat, on Moroccan soil.
  • June 13: HB-SIA takes off for first attempt to reach Ouarzazate, the doorstep to the Moroccan desert.
  • June 22: Solar Impulse triumphantly lands in Ouarzazate to the beat of traditional Berber music happily concluding its 2nd attempt to reach its destination in Southern Morocco.
  • June 28: HB-SIA returns to Rabat after a week of events in Ouarzazate, and begins its return home.

July

  • July 5: Wing spar of HB-SIB cracks and the final structural test fails.
  • July 7: Solar Impulse lands in Madrid.
  • July 17: HB-SIA lands in Toulouse-Francazal airport.
  • July 24: The Solar Impulse team concludes the world’s first roundtrip, fully solar-powered intercontinental flight by landing safely at its home base in Payerne, Switzerland. The 2012 Crossing Frontiers mission flights conclude to the sounds of Switzerland’s traditional Alphorn music.

August

  • August 30: André Borschberg and Bertrand Piccard receive a decoration by King Mohammed VI for their courage and efforts to promote the Moroccan solar program with their flight to Rabat and Ouarzazate.
MISSION 2012

Highlights of Solar Impulse’s Crossing Frontiers

After a successful conclusion to the world’s first roundtrip fully solar-powered intercontinental flight, here are the major highlights of what has been achieved:

MAY 2012

1.       24 May: Payerne ...

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After a successful conclusion to the world’s first roundtrip fully solar-powered intercontinental flight, here are the major highlights of what has been achieved:

MAY 2012

1.       24 May: Payerne to Madrid

  • Pilot: André Borschberg
  • Departure: 06:24 AM (UTC)
  • Landing: 11:28 PM (UTC) at Madrid-Barajas International airport (Spain).
  • Highlights:
    • Three world records currently being verified by the Air Sports Federation (FAI) for this flight.

JUNE 2012

2.       5 June: Madrid to Rabat

  • Pilot: Bertrand Piccard
  • Departure: 3:30 AM (UTC)
  • Landing: 10:30 PM (UTC) at Rabat-Salé International Airport (Morocco).
  • Highlights:
    • World’s first solar-powered intercontinental flight linking Europe to Africa.
    • Bertrand’s first Solar Impulse mission flight.

 3.       13 June: 1st Attempt Rabat to Ouarzazate

  • Pilot: André Borschberg
  • Departure: 07:07 AM (UTC)
  • Landing: HB-SIA returned to Rabat landing at 11:14 PM (UTC)
  • Highlights:  
    • André undertook a reconnaissance mission to a local meteorological station prior to the flight to benefit from local knowledge complementing Solar Impulse’s sophisticated modeling programs.
    • The winds were twice as strong as expected, keeping the solar aircraft at a standstill. For the safety of the aircraft and pilot, the Flight Director decided to turn back.

 4.       21 June: 2nd Attempt Rabat to Ouarzazate

  • Pilot: André Borschberg
  • Departure: 06:05 AM (UTC)
  • Landing: 11:25 PM (UTC) at Ouarzazate International airport (Morocco).
  • Highlights:
    • Symbolic destination to inaugurate the beginning of construction of what will the world’s largest thermo-solar power plant.
    • The aircraft was facing away from the sun most of the flight and André was shivering and very cold during a large portion of the leg.

 5.       29 June: Ouarzazate to Rabat

  • Pilot: André Borschberg
  • Departure: 6:33 AM (UTC)
  • Landing: 09:22 PM (UTC) at Rabat-Salé international airport (Morocco).
  • Highlights:
    • Strong westerly winds over the Atlas Mountains made finding a flight plan challenging.
    • In Rabat, HB-SIA underwent the usual technical check-up scheduled after a total of 50 hours of flight.

JULY 2012

6.       6 July: Rabat to Madrid

  • Pilot: Bertrand Piccard
  • Departure: 5:17 AM (UTC)
  • Landing: 11:19 PM (UTC) at Madrid-Barajas International airport (Morocco).
  • Highlights:
    • Bertrand not only had a guest in the cockpit (a Moroccan fly) but also completed the Solar Impulse speed record both forwards and backwards.

7.       17 July: Madrid to Toulouse

  • Pilot: Bertrand Piccard
  • Departure: 03:33 AM (UTC)
  • Landing: 07:46 PM (UTC) at Toulouse-Francazal airport (France).
  • Highlights:
    • Originally meant to be a direct flight to Payerne the small window of opportunity quickly closed causing Bertrand to land in Toulouse.
    • Toulouse: Headquarters of the historical Aéropostale, the world’s first commercial flight route connecting France to North Africa.

8.       24 July: Toulouse to Payerne

  • Pilot: Bertrand Piccard
  • Departure: 05:01 AM (UTC)
  • Landing: 06:30 PM (UTC) at Payerne airfield (Switzerland)
  • Highlights:
    • Landing welcomed by a group of Swiss Alphorn musicians and cheering spectators.
    • World’s first roundtrip fully solar-powered intercontinental flight.
    • 6’000km flown
    • 8 legs
    • 4 countries
    • 2 continents
    • 3 FAI world records being verified.
    • Over 2’723’391 unique visitors to the Solar Impulse website.
    • Over 4’164’130 viewers of the LIVE broadcastings.
WHAT HAPPENED IN 2011

2011: HB-SIA’s first international flights

In early 2011 Schindler joined as Solar Impulse’ fourth main partner. It was also the year that HB-SIA undertook its first international flights to Europe’s central nervous system, Brussels (Belgium), and to the world renowned Paris Le Bourget Airshow ...

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2011: HB-SIA’s first international flights

In early 2011 Schindler joined as Solar Impulse’ fourth main partner. It was also the year that HB-SIA undertook its first international flights to Europe’s central nervous system, Brussels (Belgium), and to the world renowned Paris Le Bourget Airshow (France) for aviation amateurs. After two exciting months abroad, the prototype returned home safely and Bertrand Piccard flew the solar aircraft for the first time.

March

  • 21 March: Schindler become Solar Impulse’s fourth main partner.

April

  • 11 April: Flight test piloted by Markus Scherdel in preparation for the flight to Paris le Bourget in June. The objective of the flight was to test if the structure of the aircraft goes into resonance by repeatedly jerking the control stick and to check its overall behavior during emergencies by making an emergency descent with airbrakes fully open.
  • 26 April: Engineers celebrate the building of the 10’000th part built from scratch.

May

  • 13 May: On Friday the 13th, almost after 13 hours of flight, André Borschberg lands in Brussels for Solar Impulse’s first international flight. The symbolism behind the choice of this first international destination was to encourage a political discourse at the heart of the European Union in favor of greater investments in renewable energies.

June

  • June 14: Solar Impulse, special guest of the Le Bourget Airshow, lands in Paris and is ready to be presented at the International Exhibition of Aeronautics and Space, 20-26 June 2011. The event, unlike the flight to Brussels, is meant to present the prototype to the public and aviation amateurs.

July

  • July 3: HB-SIA, piloted by André Borschberg, returns to Switzerland after a two-month European mission.
  • July 12: Bertrand Piccard’s first flight piloting HB-SIA.

September

October

WHAT HAPPENED IN 2010?

2010: World’s first solar-powered aircraft to fly through the night

In 2010, HB-SIA moved to its new home from Dübendorf to Payerne. Dübendorf is the location for the construction of the Solar Impulse aircrafts while Payerne is where flight tests happen. In April, test pilot Markus Scherdel took ...

Read more

2010: World’s first solar-powered aircraft to fly through the night

In 2010, HB-SIA moved to its new home from Dübendorf to Payerne. Dübendorf is the location for the construction of the Solar Impulse aircrafts while Payerne is where flight tests happen. In April, test pilot Markus Scherdel took the prototype for its first flight, lasting 87 minutes and up to 1'000 meters altitude. André Borschberg flew the prototype for the first time in May and in June already embarked in an unprecedented feat that also became a world record: a fully solar-powered night flight lasting 26 hours. After this technological success, Solar Impulse undertook two Swiss flights: Payerne-Geneva and Payerne-Zurich.

February

  • 3 February: HB-SIA moved from Dübendorf to Payerne. Difficult undertaking given the size of the wings (were unassembled into 3 parts).

March

  • 16 March: Testing of pilot equipment to ensure functionality even in emergency situations. Test done in a wind tunnel in Rümlang (ZH).
  • 31 March: Bayer MaterialScience becomes an official partner of Solar Impulse.

April

  • 7 April: First test flight of HB-SIA during 87 minutes and up to 1000 meters altitude, piloted by test pilot Markus Scherdel.
  • 22 April: Second test flight proving controllability and maneuverability of the aircraft.

May

  • 8 May: Third test flight and first one with a real cockpit installed.
  • 16 May: Fourth test flight to check the modifications and improvements done to HB-SIA.
  • 24 May: André Borschberg – CEO of Solar Impulse – flies HB-SIA for the first time during an hour.
  • 28 May: First fully solar-powered flight of HB-SIA, piloted by André Borschberg.

June

  • 3 June: Night test of cockpit instruments.
  • 5 June: Eighth flight test up to 11’000 feet (3’300 meters) with the aim to approach 4’000 meters. Pilot: Markus Scherdel. HB-SIA landed safely in Payerne after 4 hours and 50 minutes of flight, maximum altitude 3’657 meters, and with a set of batteries fuller than at the time of take-off.
  • 24 June: Ninth test flight of 14 hours and 7 minutes and an altitude of 8717 meters above sea level. Equipment tested: oxygen supply and limits of the aircraft in flight.

July

  • 8 July: World’s first solar-powered airplane to fly through the night. HB-SIA, piloted by André Borschberg, successfully completed the day and night flight lasting 26 hours. Three FAI World Records were awarded.  

September

  • 5 September: Solar Impulse receives Swiss Solar Prize in the category “Individuals and Institutions”.
  • 21-22 September: First Swiss flights - Payerne to Geneva and Payerne to Zurich.

 


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